Human Development Defined

A new approach was introduced in the year 1990 when the first report on Human Development was introduced. Human Development is the measurement and the expansion of the development of human beings by means of their lifestyle, habitual changes and priorities, intellect, biological changes and growth and such criteria by which changes can be seen rather than only the growth of the economy. For companies, this development can be of high importance as they can easily manage their human power, easily understand markets and sell products and perform negotiations. It is focused on the people and their choices and opportunities. There are three foundations of Human Development; healthy life, education and access to the necessary resources to live a standard life.

People:

Human development is required to enhance the lifestyle of the people living in an economy in spite of the development of the economy and assuming that that will improve the lives of people. Even the income support is only a part of the improvement but not the whole solution.

Opportunities:

The concept of Human development is to provide the chance to the people to live their lives as they desire and as they value it. This can be possible by giving them the chance to develop their abilities and to properly utilize them without any discrimination. For instance, giving right education to students can help in building their skills but these skills are of no use if they are denied jobs. On the other hand, if the skills they acquire are less competitive or irrelevant for the labor market. Opportunities can be available if they basics/foundations (discussed earlier) are achieved.

Choice:

The choice is also a fundamental aspect of Human Development. Here in this process of development, the environment is required to be given to the people, to have a reasonable chance to lead a productive life, whether it is individually or collectively to reach to their full potential and the use and utilization is up to them.

History:

The approach of Human Development was initially developed by an economist, namely Mahbub-Ul-Haq and was second by Amartya Sen in her work on human capabilities which focused on the people’s ability to ‘be’ and ‘do’ what they desire.

Being: Food, shelter, and health.

Doing: work, education, voting rights, participation in community activities.

Freedom of choice: there is a distinction between being hungry (voluntarily¬¬-religious fasting) and being hungry due to lack of food.

The 20th century had some formative influences due to the linkage between economic growth and the development and as a result, the Gross Domestic Product and the economic growth became the indicators of the national progress in most countries. The development debate went beyond the Gross Domestic Product in the 1970s & 1980s and put a greater emphasis on the employment, basic needs & equal distribution.

The Human Development Index:

The position/condition of the nation can be determined by the Gross Domestic Product, stock market results on daily basis, consumer spending, and national debt values, but these do not provide the complete view of the people’s progress.

The Human Development Index comprises of the basics/fundamentals of Human Developments; education, health, and income. It has been an annual feature of human development report since 1990 and ranks every country from 1 to 177 which is currently Sierra Leone and has become the most widely used index for the human well-being. In most of the countries, it is an official government statistic and causes serious political discussions and changing efforts on the national and regional level so that the lives can be improved.

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